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The FRTB revisions address deficiencies relating to the existing [8] Standardised approach and Internal models approach [9] and particularly revisit the following: . The boundary between the "trading book" and the "banking book": [10] i.e. assets intended for active trading; as opposed to assets expected to be held to maturity, usually customer loans, and deposits from retail and corporate ...
Expected shortfall (ES) is a risk measure—a concept used in the field of financial risk measurement to evaluate the market risk or credit risk of a portfolio. The "expected shortfall at q% level" is the expected return on the portfolio in the worst q % {\displaystyle q\%} of cases.
Basel III requires banks to have a minimum CET1 ratio (Common Tier 1 capital divided by risk-weighted assets (RWAs)) at all times of: . 4.5%; Plus: A mandatory "capital conservation buffer" or "stress capital buffer requirement", equivalent to at least 2.5% of risk-weighted assets, but could be higher based on results from stress tests, as determined by national regulators.
The model states that: [] = + + + (/) [1]Where [] are the expected returns is the dividend in next period (period 1 assuming current t=0); is the current price (price at time 0) is the expected inflation rate
Here, α is a "multiplier" of 1.4, acting as a buffer to ensure sufficient coverage; and: RC is the "Replacement Cost" were the counterparty to default today: the current exposure, i.e. mark-to-market of all trades, is aggregated by counterparty, and then netted-off with haircutted-collateral.
A Spectral risk measure is a risk measure given as a weighted average of outcomes where bad outcomes are, typically, included with larger weights. A spectral risk measure is a function of portfolio returns and outputs the amount of the numeraire (typically a currency) to be kept in reserve.
In this approach, banks calculate their own risk parameters subject to meeting some minimum guidelines. However, the foundation approach is not available for Retail exposures. For equity exposures, calculation of risk-weighted assets not held in the trading book can be calculated using two different ways: a PD/LGD approach or a market-based ...
1. Subadditivity. A risk measure is subadditive if for any portfolios A and B, the risk of A+B is never greater than the risk of A plus the risk of B. In other words, the risk of the sum of subportfolios is smaller than or equal to the sum of their individual risks. Standard deviation and expected shortfall are subadditive, while VaR is not.