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First female conductor who took the podium at the Vatican in 2008. [74] Anna Skryleva Germany Theater Magdeburg: 1975 First female general music director (GMD) of Theater Magdeburg, and first Russian female conductor as general music director in Europe. [75] [76] [77] Jeanette Sorrell: United States Apollo's Fire 1965 Ethel Stark
Several women have been selected as Clarivate Citation laureates in Physics, which makes an annual list of possible candidates for the Nobel Prize in Physics based on citation statistics, these include: 2008 Vera Rubin † "for her pioneering research indicating the existence of dark matter in the universe." [26]
Since 2024, six of the 29 female Clarivate Citation laureates starting in 2008 were subsequently awarded with a Nobel Prize: Elizabeth Blackburn and Carol W. Greider in Physiology or Medicine (2009), Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna in Chemistry (2020), Carolyn Bertozzi in Chemistry (2022), and Claudia Goldin in Economics (2023).
In North America and much of Europe, few women graduate in physics, mathematics and computer science but, in other regions, the proportion of women may be close to parity in physics or mathematics. In engineering and computer sciences, women consistently trail men, a situation that is particularly acute in many high-income countries.
This is a timeline of women in science, spanning from ancient history up to the 21st century. While the timeline primarily focuses on women involved with natural sciences such as astronomy, biology, chemistry and physics, it also includes women from the social sciences (e.g. sociology, psychology) and the formal sciences (e.g. mathematics ...
Physical chemistry: Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765) The first to read lectures in physical chemistry and coin the term (1752). Jacobus van 't Hoff (1852–1911) Jacobus van 't Hoff is considered one of the founders of the discipline of physical chemistry. His work helped found the discipline as it is today. [71] [72] [73] Svante Arrhenius (1859 ...
Filmmaker Maggie Contreras' new film "Maestra" follows a cadre of female conductors with dreams of winning La Maestra, the first international conducting competition solely for women.
The following is a list of Clarivate Citation Laureates in Physics, considered likely candidates to win the Nobel Prize in Physics. [1] Since 2024, 18 of the selected citation laureates starting in 2008 were eventually awarded the Nobel Prize: Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov (2010), Dan Shechtman in Chemistry (2011), Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess and Brian Schmidt (2011), François Englert ...