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Biotite is generally of low content and the main mafic minerals are clinopyroxene (±) and amphibole (±). The macroscopic colour is grey, being little darker than granite. There is high-grade metamorphic rock originated from nepheline syenite that is characterized by gneiss texture of very rare occurrence.
Orthogneiss designates a gneiss derived from an igneous rock, and paragneiss is one from a sedimentary rock. [2] [3] Both the BGS and the IUGS use gneissose to describe rocks with the texture of gneiss, [2] [3] though gneissic also remains in common use. [5]
Biotite is a common group of phyllosilicate minerals within the mica group, with the approximate chemical formula K(Mg,Fe) 3 AlSi 3 O 10 (F,OH) 2. It is primarily a solid-solution series between the iron - endmember annite , and the magnesium -endmember phlogopite ; more aluminous end-members include siderophyllite and eastonite .
Litchfieldite (nepheline syenite gneiss) from Canaã Massif, Brazil. Litchfieldite is a rare igneous rock.It is a coarse-grained, foliated variety of nepheline syenite, [1] sometimes called nepheline syenite gneiss or gneissic nepeheline syenite. [2]
The mafic minerals in the TTG rock body, possibly biotite, were weathered, which introduced a brownish coating on the TTG rock surface. Tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite ( TTG ) rocks are intrusive rocks with typical granitic composition ( quartz and feldspar ) but containing only a small portion of potassium feldspar .
Biotite is rare, because in a syenite magma the formation of feldspar consumes nearly all the aluminium. However less Al-rich phyllosilicates may be included, such as annite . Other common accessory minerals are apatite , titanite , zircon and other opaques.
Gneiss, a foliated metamorphic rock. Quartzite, a non-foliated metamorphic rock. Foliation in geology refers to repetitive layering in metamorphic rocks. [1] Each layer can be as thin as a sheet of paper, or over a meter in thickness. [1] The word comes from the Latin folium, meaning "leaf", and refers to the sheet-like planar structure. [1]
A study of sodium-rich quartz-alkali feldspar—biotite gneiss granulite facies terrane in the Kerala Khondalite Belt near Manali in south India found that in situ leucosomes (light colored segregations) within the gneiss showed the development of garnet replacing the dark biotite. The study indicated localized melting or migmatization within ...