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Trauma to primary teeth occurs most commonly at the age of two to three years, during the development of motor coordination. [7] When primary teeth are injured, the resulting treatment prioritises the safety of the adult tooth, [7] and should avoid any risk of damaging the permanent successors. [8]
Dental avulsion is the complete displacement of a tooth from its socket in alveolar bone owing to trauma, such as can be caused by a fall, road traffic accident, assault, sports, or occupational injury. [1] [2] Typically, a tooth is held in place by the periodontal ligament, which becomes torn when the tooth is knocked out. [3]
Occurs due to a localized and limited injury to the root surface or periodontium. It is a transient, self-limiting process of resorption that ceases after removal of the traumatic stimulus and is followed by healing of root surface, cementum , and periodontal ligament .
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. [5] In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen and red and may bleed. [5] It is considered the main cause of tooth loss for adults worldwide.
No immediate treatment required and no follow-up needed if no associated dental injuries: No treatment required Enamel fracture: Loss of tooth surface confined at the enamel: Loss of enamel, not TTP, no mobility, positive vitality testing: Smooth edges, restore tooth or attach tooth fragment if available. Dependent on the size of the fracture.
Penetrating injury to the gingiva—for example, with a toothbrush bristle, fishbone, toothpick or periodontal instrument—may inoculate bacteria into the tissues. [16] Trauma to the tissues, such as serious impact on a tooth or excessive pressure exerted on teeth during orthodontic treatment, can be a possible cause as well. [ 17 ]
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