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Whereas breastfeeding jaundice is a mechanical problem, breast milk jaundice is a biochemical occurrence and the higher bilirubin possibly acts as an antioxidant. Breast milk jaundice occurs later in the newborn period, with the bilirubin level usually peaking in the sixth to 14th days of life.
Breast milk jaundice is caused by an increased concentration of β-glucuronidase in breast milk, which increases bilirubin deconjugation and reabsorption of bilirubin, leading to persistence of physiologic jaundice with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Onset of breast milk jaundice is within 2 weeks after birth and lasts for 4–13 weeks.
In the gut, brush border β-glucuronidase converts conjugated bilirubin to the unconjugated form for reabsorption. β-Glucuronidase is also present in breast milk, which contributes to neonatal jaundice. The protein is encoded by the GUSB gene in humans [6] [7] and by the uidA gene in bacteria. [8]
The causes of breast milk jaundice include variations in bilirubin metabolism, genetic variations, and variations in breastmilk, including the harmless and helpful germs found naturally on the surface of the skin and in the breastmilk. [40] Breast milk jaundice is usually not a reason to stop nursing. [119]
The mature breast milk is rich in fat and higher in calories to help babies grow." ... Between difficulties with latching and manual pumping and a few hospital stays with her son for jaundice, a ...
774 Other perinatal jaundice. 774.2 Jaundice, newborn, prematurity; 774.3 Jaundice, newborn, unspec. 774.3 Lucey-Driscoll syndrome. 774.39 Jaundice, newborn, breast milk; 775 Endocrine and metabolic disturbances specific to the fetus and newborn. 775.0 Infant of diabetic mother syndrome; 775.4 Hypocalcemia; 775.6 Hypoglycemia, neonatal
Primary lactation failure, a cause of low milk supply in breastfeeding mothers; Cessation of breastfeeding before the mother had planned to stop, usually as a result of breastfeeding difficulties; Low milk supply in general; Inability to establish breastfeeding, which may be caused by delayed onset of lactation
These disorders may cause yellowing of the skin and eyes, called jaundice. [3] The prevalence of hereditary hyperbilirubinemia varies based on each disease. The most common being Gilbert syndrome which is found is 2-10% of the population. Other types of hereditary hyperbilirubinemia are less common and may even be exceedingly rare depending on ...