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A myoma is a type of tumor that involves muscle cells. [1] There are two main types of myoma: Leiomyomas which occur in smooth muscle. [1] They most commonly occur as uterine fibroids, but may also form in other locations. Rhabdomyomas which occur in striated muscle. [1] [2] [3] They are rare tumors, occur in childhood and often become malignant.
A leiomyoma, also known as a fibroid, is a benign smooth muscle tumor that very rarely becomes cancer (0.1%). They can occur in any organ, but the most common forms occur in the uterus, small bowel, and the esophagus. Polycythemia may occur due to increased erythropoietin production as part of a paraneoplastic syndrome.
Intramural fibroids are located within the muscular wall of the uterus and are the most common type. [22] Unless they are large, they may be asymptomatic. Intramural fibroids begin as small nodules in the muscular wall of the uterus. With time, intramural fibroids may expand inwards, causing distortion and elongation of the uterine cavity.
[1] [5] Most myxomata arise sporadically (90%), and only about 10% are thought to arise due to inheritance. [6] About 10% of myxomata are inherited, as in Carney syndrome. Such tumors are called familial myxomata. They tend to occur in more than one part of the heart at a time, and often cause symptoms at a younger age than other myxomata.
Hematological values such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell counts are elevated in patients with myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome. [3]The diagnostic criteria for myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome includes polycythemia, uterine myoma, and return of hemoglobin levels to normal following fibroid excision surgery.
Diagnosis with transvaginal ultrasonography can potentially be challenging due to the similar appearance of uterine leiomyomas (also known as uterine fibroids). Careful evaluation of the margins of the mass, the vascular flow patterns through the tumor, and the degree to which the tumor distorts the uterus may aid in differentiating these ...
The fibroids needed to be removed are typically large in size, or growing at certain locations such as bulging into the endometrial cavity causing significant cavity distortion. Treatment options for uterine fibroids include observation or medical therapy, such a GnRH agonist , hysterectomy , uterine artery embolization , and high-intensity ...
The myometrium is located between the endometrium (the inner layer of the uterine wall) and the serosa or perimetrium (the outer uterine layer).. The inner one-third of the myometrium (termed the junctional or sub-endometrial layer) appears to be derived from the Müllerian duct, while the outer, more predominant layer of the myometrium appears to originate from non-Müllerian tissue and is ...