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  2. Quellung reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quellung_reaction

    However, it acquired an important practical use with the advent of serum therapy to treat certain types of pneumococcal pneumonia in the 1920s because selection of the proper antiserum to treat an individual patient required correct identification of the infecting pneumococcal serotype, and the quellung reaction was the only method available to ...

  3. Acid-fastness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-fastness

    [1] [2] Once stained as part of a sample, these organisms can resist the acid and/or ethanol-based decolorization procedures common in many staining protocols, hence the name acid-fast. [ 2 ] The mechanisms of acid-fastness vary by species although the most well-known example is in the genus Mycobacterium , which includes the species ...

  4. Staining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staining

    A simple staining method for bacteria that is usually successful, even when the positive staining methods fail, is to use a negative stain. This can be achieved by smearing the sample onto the slide and then applying nigrosin (a black synthetic dye) or India ink (an aqueous suspension of carbon particles).

  5. Ziehl–Neelsen stain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziehl–Neelsen_stain

    The acid-fast staining method, in conjunction with auramine phenol staining, serves as the standard diagnostic tool and is widely accessible for rapidly diagnosing tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and other diseases caused by atypical mycobacteria, such as leprosy (caused by Mycobacterium leprae) and Mycobacterium avium ...

  6. Isolation (microbiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_(microbiology)

    Gram-negative bacteria will stain a pink color due to the thin layer of peptidoglycan. If a bacteria stains purple, due to the thick layer of peptidoglycan, the bacteria is a gram-positive bacteria. [4] In clinical microbiology numerous other staining techniques for particular organisms are used (acid fast bacterial stain for mycobacteria).

  7. Negative stain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_stain

    In microscopy, negative staining is an established method, often used in diagnostic microscopy, for contrasting a thin specimen with an optically opaque fluid. In this technique, the background is stained, leaving the actual specimen untouched, and thus visible. This contrasts with positive staining, in which the actual specimen is stained.

  8. H&E stain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H&E_stain

    The H&E staining procedure is the principal stain in histology [3] [7] [2] [5] in part because it can be done quickly, [7] is not expensive, and stains tissues in such a way that a considerable amount of microscopic anatomy [9] [10] is revealed, [7] [5] [4] and can be used to diagnose a wide range of histopathologic conditions. [8]

  9. Masson's trichrome stain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masson's_trichrome_stain

    Another common variant is the Masson trichrome & Verhoeff stain, which combines the Masson trichrome stain and Verhoeff's stain. [2] This combination is useful for the examination of blood vessels ; the Verhoeff stain highlights elastin (black) and allows one to easily differentiate small arteries (which typically have at least two elastic ...