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  2. Basalt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt

    Basalt is also an important rock type on other planetary bodies in the Solar System. For example, the bulk of the plains of Venus, which cover ~80% of the surface, are basaltic; the lunar maria are plains of flood-basaltic lava flows; and basalt is a common rock on the surface of Mars.

  3. Giant's Causeway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant's_Causeway

    The Giant's Causeway (Irish: Clochán an Aifir) [1] is an area of approximately 40,000 interlocking basalt columns, the result of an ancient volcanic fissure eruption. [3] [4] It is located in County Antrim on the north coast of Northern Ireland, about three miles (4.8 km) northeast of the town of Bushmills.

  4. Rock (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

    About 65% of the Earth's crust by volume consists of igneous rocks. Of these, 66% are basalt and gabbro, 16% are granite, and 17% granodiorite and diorite. Only 0.6% are syenite and 0.3% are ultramafic. The oceanic crust is 99% basalt, which is an igneous rock of mafic composition.

  5. Trap rock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap_rock

    A major use for basalt is crushed rock for road and housing construction in concrete, macadam, and paving stones. Because of its insensitivity to chemical influences, resistance to mechanical stress, high dry relative density, frost resistance, and seawater resistance, trap rock is used as ballast for railroad track bed and hydraulic ...

  6. Haystack Rock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haystack_Rock

    Haystack Rock is a 235 ft-tall (72 m) sea stack in Cannon Beach, Oregon. The monolithic rock is adjacent to the beach and accessible by foot at low tide. The Haystack Rock tide pools are home to many intertidal animals, including starfish , sea anemone , crabs , chitons , limpets , and sea slugs .

  7. Mafic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafic

    Basalt. A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron. Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often also contain calcium-rich varieties of ...

  8. Sima (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sima_(geology)

    Sima often takes the form of basalt when on the surface. In geology, sima (/ ˈ s aɪ m ə /) is an antiquated [1] blended term for the lower layer of Earth's crust. This layer is made of rocks rich in magnesium silicate minerals. Typically, when the sima comes to the surface, it is basalt, so sometimes this layer is called the 'ocean layer' of ...

  9. Flood basalt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_basalt

    A flood basalt (or plateau basalt [1]) is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that covers large stretches of land or the ocean floor with basalt lava. Many flood basalts have been attributed to the onset of a hotspot reaching the surface of the Earth via a mantle plume . [ 2 ]