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Common side effects include hot flashes, unstable mood, trouble sleeping, headaches, and pain at the site of injection. [10] Other side effects may include high blood sugar, allergic reactions, and problems with the pituitary gland. [10] Use during pregnancy may harm foetal development. [10]
A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) is a type of medication which affects gonadotropins and sex hormones. [1] They are used for a variety of indications including in fertility medicine and to lower sex hormone levels in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers such as prostate cancer and breast cancer, certain gynecological disorders like heavy periods and endometriosis ...
Adverse effects on bone mineralization are a potential risk of pubertal suppression in gender dysphoric youth treated with GnRH agonists. [48] [72] To protect against lower bone density, doctors recommend exercise, calcium, and Vitamin D. [73] Despite their benefits, there are some considerations regarding the short-term use of puberty blockers.
The leuprorelin is given by intramuscular injection and the norethisterone acetate is taken by mouth. [1] The co-packaged medication was approved for medical use in the United States in December 2012. [2]
Spironolactone and cyproterone acetate are other drugs used by trans people to suppress sex hormones, but these drugs have a completely different mechanism of action. [10] It can also be used as a puberty blocker [11] in the case of precocious puberty. [9] Triptorelin has been used as a chemical castration agent for reducing sexual urges in sex ...
The core side effects of NSAAs such as gynecomastia, sexual dysfunction, and hot flashes occur at similar rates with the different drugs. [ 48 ] [ 49 ] Conversely, bicalutamide is associated with a significantly lower rate of diarrhea compared to flutamide.
They are given by injection. [2] Common side effects may include joint pain, rash, vomiting, and headache. [4] Serious side effects may include heart attacks, stroke, increased cancer growth, or pure red cell aplasia. [2] It is unclear if use is safe during pregnancy. [5] [6] They work similar to naturally occurring erythropoietin. [1]
It can be injected using a smaller injection needle inserting the medication just below the skin, instead of into the muscle, in either the abdomen or thigh. This subcutaneous injection claims to reduce the side effects of DMPA while still maintaining all the same benefits of the original intramuscular DMPA.