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The first focus of Kelley's research was a look at external and internal attributions. [11] His second focus was determining whether the procedure to arrive at external and internal attributes was related to experimental methodology. [11] Kelley later turned this idea into his covariation model/principle.
A similar ambiguity is noted for data on the relationship between internal health locus of control and other health-related behaviors (such as breast self-examination, weight control and preventive-health behavior). Of particular interest are the data cited on the relationship between internal health locus of control and alcohol consumption.
[2] [18] The difference in attribution style between individuals with internal and external loci of control, however, is not as marked in successful outcomes, as individuals with both types attribution style have less need to defend their self-images in success. Airplane pilots with an internal locus of control were likely to exhibit a self ...
Causes of an outcome can be attributed to the person (internal), the stimulus (external), the circumstance, or some combination of these factors (Hewstone et al., 1973). Attributions are made based on three criteria: Consensus, Distinctiveness, and Consistency (Kelley, 1973).
This aspect covers the degree to which a person attributes the cause of an event to internal or external sources. An optimist might attribute a bad experience to a stroke of bad luck whereas a pessimist might unreasonably assume it is their fault or punishment. A person might also attribute the responsibility of their actions to external forces ...
Dispositional attribution (or internal attribution or personal attribution) is a phrase in personality psychology that refers to the tendency to assign responsibility for others' behaviors due to their inherent characteristics, such as their personality, beliefs, or ability, instead of attributing it to external (situational) influences such as the individual's environment or culture. [1]
For example, participants who received negative feedback on a laboratory task were more likely to attribute their task performance to external, rather than internal, factors. The self-serving bias seems to function as an ego-protection mechanism , helping people to better cope with personal failures.
more internal attribution for positive acts, and less internal attribution for negative acts, by ingroup than outgroup members; more attribution of outgroup members' failures to lack of ability, and more explaining away of outgroup members' successes; a preference for ingroup-serving versus outgroup-serving attributions for group differences.