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Coulter pine (Pinus coulteri), or big-cone pine, is a conifer in the genus Pinus of the family Pinaceae.Coulter pine is an evergreen conifer that lives up to 100 years. [2] It is a native of the coastal mountains of Southern California in the United States and northern Baja California in Mexico, occurring in mediterranean climates, where winter rains are infrequent and summers are dry with ...
Overstory species include coulter pine, monterey pine, bishop pine, shore pine, and several endemic cypresses, species which generally rely on fire to open their cones and release seeds. Closed-cone forests often grow in low nutrient and/or stressed soils, which can lead to slow growth.
Montane forests are generally pine and fir dominated communities that occur at higher elevations in southern California’s mountain areas from 3000 up to 8500 ft. At the lower parts of the range, dominant trees include big-cone Douglas fir and Coulter pine as well as canyon live oak and California bay.
The main trees of this habitat are Sargent cypress, MacNab cypress, Monterey pine, Knobcone pine and Bishop pine with California scrub oak. Small patches of coniferous forest are dominated by Ponderosa pine , Jeffrey pine , Sugar pine , Coulter pine , Coast Douglas-fir , incense-cedar , white fir and western juniper .
The forest is divided into two large areas or tracts on United States Geological Survey maps, a northern and southern portion. The west border of the forest adjoins Angeles National Forest and runs north-south about ten miles west of Interstate 15. At its widest parts, the northern portion of the forest runs about 57 miles (90 km) on an east ...
Coastal scrub and Torrey pine in Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve, San Diego. California oak woodland occurs in moist areas usually up to 4,900 feet (1,500 m). [6] [5]: 387 These woodlands include oak species, such as coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis), and Engelmann's oak (Quercus engelmannii).
Map of California topography and geomorphic provinces California's major mountain ranges. California is a U.S. state on the western coast of North America.Covering an area of 163,696 sq mi (423,970 km 2), California is among the most geographically diverse states.
There are also good populations of California buckeye (Aesculus californica), and California black oak (Quercus kelloggii). The gray pine (Pinus sabiniana) and rarer Coulter pine (Pinus coulteri) can be found at all elevations, especially between 800–3,000 feet (240–910 m). Coulter pine reaches its northern limit on northern of Mt. Diablo.