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NASA's Juno spacecraft captured this view of Jupiter during the mission's 54th close flyby of the giant planet Sept. 7, 2023.
Juno completed a five-year cruise to Jupiter, arriving on July 5, 2016. [7] The spacecraft traveled a total distance of roughly 2.8 × 10 ^ 9 km (19 AU; 1.7 × 10 ^ 9 mi) to reach Jupiter. [20] The spacecraft was designed to orbit Jupiter 37 times over the course of its mission. This was originally planned to take 20 months. [4] [5]
Juno also studies Jupiter's deep winds, [58] [59] which can reach speeds of 600 km/h. [60] [61] Among early results, Juno gathered information about Jovian lightning that revised earlier theories. [62] Juno provided the first views of Jupiter's north pole, as well as insights about Jupiter's aurorae, magnetic field, and atmosphere. [63]
New Horizons made its closest approach to Jupiter on 28 February 2007, at a distance of 2.3 million kilometers (1.4 million miles). The gravity assist from Jupiter increased the spacecraft's speed and allowed it to continue on its trajectory toward Pluto.
Global image of Jupiter's moon Io acquired by Juno's JunoCam camera on 30 December 2023. The Juno spacecraft was launched in 2011 and entered orbit around Jupiter on July 5, 2016. Juno ' s mission is primarily focused on improving our understanding of Jupiter's interior, magnetic field, aurorae, and polar atmosphere. [88]
Juno Radiation Vault (the box being lowered onto the partially constructed spacecraft) in the process of being installed on Juno, 2010 Juno Radiation Vault is shown attached, but with the top open and some of the electronics boxes inside the vault can be seen The cube shaped JRV can be seen in between the un-wrapped main dish and the larger hexagonal main spacecraft body.
It is a suite of detectors on the Juno Jupiter orbiter (launched 2011, orbiting Jupiter since 2016). [2] JADE includes JADE-E, JADE-I, and the EBox. [2] JADE-E and JADE-I are sensors that are spread out on the spacecraft, and the EBox is located inside the Juno Radiation Vault. [2] EBox stands for Electronics Box. [2]
This year also saw the impact of Double Asteroid Redirection Test on Dimorphos marking the first time a planetary defense technique is tested, NASA's Juno flyby of Europa, and the loss of communication from ISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission and NASA's InSight Martian probe. Two crewed space stations, the ISS and Tiangong, are in operation in 2022.