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Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN), also called organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP), is a neuropathy caused by killing of neurons in the central nervous system, especially in the spinal cord, as a result of acute or chronic organophosphate poisoning.
EA-2054 is an extremely toxic organophosphate nerve agent. It is an extremely potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is resistant to atropine and oxime treatment. [ 1 ]
Exposure to these chemicals can occur at public buildings, schools, residential areas, and in agricultural areas. Chlorpyrifos and Malathion have been linked to reproductive effects, neurotoxicity, kidney/liver damage, and birth defects. Dichlorvos has also been linked to reproductive effects, neurotoxicity, and kidney/liver damage.
Organophosphate insecticides are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, which disrupt the transmission of nerve signals in exposed organisms, with fatal results. The risk of human death through organophosphate poisoning [ 32 ] was obvious from the start and led to efforts to lower toxicity against mammals while not reducing efficacy against insects.
They are generally used to treat Alzheimer's disease and dementia. [6] If a benefit occurs, it is generally during the second or third month after starting. [6] It is difficult to determine which ChEI has greater efficacy, due to design flaws in head-to-head comparison studies. [11] Pyridostigmine is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. [12]
Romosozumab is used for osteoporosis to decrease the risk of fractures. [10] Two trials found that it reduced the rate of vertebral fracture. In one, there was a 73% lower risk of vertebral fracture after one year, and the benefit was maintained after a second year of taking denosumab.
As a result of cholinergic crisis, the muscles stop responding to the high synaptic levels of acetylcholine, leading to flaccid paralysis, respiratory failure, and other signs and symptoms reminiscent of organophosphate poisoning. Other symptoms include increased sweating, salivation, bronchial secretions along with miosis (constricted pupils).
Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy (CSE) is a condition induced by long-term exposure to organic solvents, often—but not always—in the workplace, that lead to a wide variety of persisting sensorimotor polyneuropathies and neurobehavioral deficits even after solvent exposure has been removed.