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Mahadevi Verma (26 March 1907 – 11 September 1987) was an Indian Hindi-language poet, essayist, sketch story writer and an eminent personality of Hindi literature. She is considered one of the four major pillars [a] of the Chhayawadi era in Hindi literature. [1] She has also been addressed as the modern Meera. [2]
Hindi literature (Hindi: हिंदी साहित्य, romanized: hindī sāhitya) includes literature in the various Central Indo-Aryan languages, also known as Hindi, some of which have different writing systems. Earliest forms of Hindi literature are attested in poetry of Apabhraṃśa such as Awadhi and Marwari.
Shakuntala Patra-lekhan is an 1876 painting by Raja Ravi Varma.The work depicts Shakuntala laying on grass, writing a letter to her lover Dushyanta. The work had won praise for Ravi Varma when it was presented at the Madras Fine Arts Exhibition of 1876.
Premchand is considered the first Hindi author whose writings prominently featured realism. [12] His novels describe the problems of the poor and the urban middle-class. [12] His works depict a rationalistic outlook, which views religious values as something that allows the powerful hypocrites to exploit the weak. [35]
Harivansh Rai Bachchan (né Srivastava; 27 November 1907 – 18 January 2003) was an Indian poet and writer of the Nayi Kavita literary movement (romantic upsurge) of early 20th century Hindi literature. He was also a poet of the Hindi Kavi Sammelan. He is best known for his early work Madhushala. [3]
After that, kavi sammelan became a large part of Indian culture. The Mushaira of Urdu poetry and the Hindi Kavi Sammelan are now often combined, and 'Mushaira-cum-Kavi Sammelan' is organised throughout the Hindustani speaking world. [1] In India, the period from Indian independence in 1947 to the early 1980s was a golden phase for kavi sammelan.
Hindi is considered a Sanskritised register [10] of Hindustani, which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and neighbouring areas. [11] [12] [13] It is an official language in nine states and three union territories and an additional official language in three other states.
Describing the state of Hindi-Urdu under British rule in colonial India, Professor Sekhar Bandyopadhyay stated that "Truly speaking, Hindi and Urdu, spoken by a great majority of people in north India, were the same language written in two scripts; Hindi was written in Devanagari script and therefore had a greater sprinkling of Sanskrit words ...