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The order name Araneae derives from Latin aranea [107] borrowing Ancient Greek ἀράχνη arákhnē from ἀράχνης arákhnēs. [108] Spiders are divided into two suborders, Mesothelae and Opisthothelae, of which the latter contains two infraorders, Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae.
Spider taxonomy can be traced to the work of Swedish naturalist Carl Alexander Clerck, who in 1757 published the first binomial scientific names of some 67 spiders species in his Svenska Spindlar ("Swedish Spiders"), one year before Linnaeus named over 30 spiders in his Systema Naturae. In the ensuing 250 years, thousands more species have been ...
Latrodectus is a broadly distributed genus of spiders with several species that are commonly known as the true widows.This group is composed of those often loosely called black widow spiders, brown widow spiders, and similar spiders.
Latrodectus mactans, known as southern black widow or simply black widow, and the shoe-button spider, [citation needed] is a venomous species of spider in the genus Latrodectus. The females are well known for their distinctive black and red coloring and for the fact that they will occasionally eat their mates after reproduction.
Argiope aurantia is a species of spider, commonly known as the yellow garden spider, [2] [3] black and yellow garden spider, [4] golden garden spider, [5] writing spider, zigzag spider, zipper spider, black and yellow argiope, corn spider, Steeler spider, or McKinley spider. [6] The species was first described by Hippolyte Lucas in 1833.
Pholcus phalangioides, commonly known as the cosmopolitan cellar spider, long-bodied cellar spider, or one of various types called a daddy long-legs spider, is a spider of the family Pholcidae. This is the only spider species described by the Swiss entomologist Johann Kaspar Füssli , who first recorded it in 1775. [ 1 ]
Trichonephila clavipes (formerly known as Nephila clavipes), commonly known as the golden silk orb-weaver, golden silk spider, golden orb weaver spider or colloquially banana spider (a name shared with several others), is an orb-weaving spider species which inhabits forests and wooded areas ranging from the southern US to Argentina. [3]
Parasteatoda tepidariorum, the common house spider or American house spider, is a spider species of the genus Parasteatoda with a cosmopolitan distribution. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Common house spiders are synanthropic and live in and near human dwellings.