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An electret microphone is a microphone whose diaphragm forms a capacitor (historically-termed a condenser) that incorporates an electret. The electret's permanent electric dipole provides a constant charge Q on the capacitor.
First patent on foil electret microphone by G. M. Sessler et al. (pages 1 to 3) An electret microphone is a type of condenser microphone invented by Gerhard Sessler and Jim West at Bell laboratories in 1962. [24] The externally applied charge used for a conventional condenser microphone is replaced by a permanent charge in an electret material.
Gerhard M. Sessler (born 15 February 1931 in Rosenfeld, Baden-Württemberg, Germany) [1] is a German inventor and scientist. He is Professor emeritus at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology of the Technische Universität Darmstadt.
An electret (formed as a portmanteau of electr-from "electricity" and -et from "magnet") is a dielectric material that has a quasi-permanent electrical polarisation. An electret has internal and external electric fields , and is the electrostatic equivalent of a permanent magnet .
First patent on foil electret microphone by G. M. Sessler and J. E. West (pages 1 to 3) West was born on February 10, 1931, in Farmville, Prince Edward County, Virginia as the elder of two children to Samuel Edward and Matilda West. He was born in his maternal grandfather's house because the local hospital would not admit Black people.
† Although the mic input is usually mono, the input is still a TRS phone socket. Many mono 'computer' mics are fitted with TRS plugs. The tip is for the MIC and the ring is for power (to power an electret-condenser style MIC). There are exceptions to the above: Hosa cables use grey and orange for left and right analogue channels.
Electret microphone elements typically include a junction field-effect transistor as an impedance converter to drive other electronics within a few meters of the microphone. The operating current of this JFET is typically 0.1 to 0.5 mA and is often referred to as bias, which is different from the phantom power interface which supplies 48 volts ...
The microphone generates its own voltage and needs no power. Devices that use a self-powered microphone: usually a condenser microphone with an internal battery-powered amplifier. Devices that use a plug-in powered microphone: an electret microphone containing an internal FET amplifier. These provide a good quality signal in a very small ...