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Prior to the 19th century most patella fractures were treated non-surgically with extension splinting, frequently resulting in poorly joined fragments of bone and long-term pain and disability. [6] Incomplete understanding of the importance of the patella led to the trend of removing the whole patella, also resulting in pain, disability and ...
Multiple classifications of tibial plateau fractures have been developed. Currently, the Schatzker classification system is the most widely accepted and used. [11] It is composed of six condyle fracture types classified by fracture pattern and fragment anatomy. [13] Each increasing numeric fracture type denotes increasing severity.
Tibial tuberosity fractures are infrequent fractures, most common in adolescents. In running and jumping movements, extreme contraction of the knee extensors can result in avulsion fractures of the tuberosity apophysis. [3] A cast is all that is required if the fragment is not displaced from its normal position on the tibia. However, if the ...
Bipartite patella is a condition where the patella, or kneecap, is composed of two separate bones. Instead of fusing together as normally occurs in early childhood, the bones of the patella remain separated. [1] The condition occurs in approximately 1–2% of the population [2] [3] and is no more likely to occur in males than females.
The Müller AO Classification of fractures is a system for classifying bone fractures initially published in 1987 [1] by the AO Foundation as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome. "AO" is an initialism for the German "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen", the ...
Segond and reverse Segond fractures are characterized by a small avulsion, [5] or "chip", fragment of characteristic size that is best seen on plain radiography in the anterior-posterior plane. The avulsed fragment of bone may be very difficult to see on the plain x-ray exam, and may be better seen on computed tomography.
Patellar tendon rupture can usually be diagnosed by physical examination. The most common signs are: tenderness, the tendon's loss of tone, loss of ability to raise the straight leg and observation of the high-riding patella. Radiographically, patella alta can be detected using the Insall and Salvati method when the patella is shorter than its ...
[1] [2] The patella is also often felt and seen out of place. [1] Complications may include a patella fracture or arthritis. [3] A patellar dislocation typically occurs when the knee is straight and the lower leg is bent outwards when twisting. [1] [2] Occasionally, it occurs when the knee is bent and the patella is struck directly. [1]