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Unshaded areas were not states before or during the Civil War. Historical military map of the border and southern states by Phelps & Watson, 1866. In the American Civil War (1861–65), the border states or the Border South were four, later five, slave states in the Upper South that primarily supported the Union.
The Confederate Heartland Offensive (August 14 – October 10, 1862), also known as the Kentucky Campaign, was an American Civil War campaign conducted by the Confederate States Army in Tennessee and Kentucky where Generals Braxton Bragg and Edmund Kirby Smith tried to draw neutral Kentucky into the Confederacy by outflanking Union troops under Major General Don Carlos Buell.
The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. ISBN 978-0-684-84944-7. Fowler, John D. Mountaineers in Gray: The Nineteenth Tennessee Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2004. ISBN 978-1-57233-314-7. Retrieved June 26, 2014. Hearn, Chester G. The Civil War State by ...
Creating a confederate Kentucky: The lost cause and Civil War memory in a border state (Univ of North Carolina Press, 2010) Penn, William A., Kentucky Rebel Town: Civil War Battles of Cynthiana and Harrison County, (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2016) Preston, John David. The Civil War in the Big Sandy Valley of Kentucky (Gateway ...
During the American Civil War, the Confederate government built Fort Henry on the banks of the Tennessee River, in an effort to protect the upper reaches of that river from Union gunboats. Kentucky had declared its neutrality in the war. After Fort Henry fell to Union forces in early 1862, there was little more Civil War action in the area ...
Connelly, Thomas L. Civil War Tennessee: battles and leaders (1979) 106pp; Connelly, Thomas L. Army of the Heartland: The Army of Tennessee, 1861–1862 (2 vol 1967–70); a Confederate army; Cooling, Benjamin Franklin. Fort Donelson's Legacy: War and Society in Kentucky and Tennessee, 1862–1863 (1997) Cottrell, Steve. Civil War in Tennessee ...
The Battle of Fort Donelson was fought from February 11–16, 1862, in the Western Theater of the American Civil War.The Union capture of the Confederate fort near the Tennessee–Kentucky border opened the Cumberland River, an important avenue for the invasion of the South.
Fort Donelson National Battlefield preserves Fort Donelson and Fort Heiman, two sites of the American Civil War Forts Henry and Donelson Campaign, in which Union Army Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant and Flag Officer Andrew Hull Foote captured three Confederate forts and opened two rivers, the Tennessee River and the Cumberland River, to control by the Union Navy.