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Subsoil layer. Subsoil is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground. Like topsoil, it is composed of a variable mixture of small particles such as sand, silt and clay, but with a much lower percentage of organic matter and humus. The subsoil is labeled the B Horizon in most soil mapping systems.
"Subsoil" is a short story by American writer Nicholson Baker, which first appeared in The New Yorker periodical on June 27, 1994. [ 1 ] The story is about a man who meets his doom after being assaulted and forced by attacking, sprouting potatoes that lure agriculturalists into their sleepy Krebs Cycle .
The solum (plural, sola) in soil science consists of the surface and subsoil layers that have undergone the same soil forming conditions. The base of the solum is the relatively unweathered parent material. Solum and soils are not synonymous. Some soils include layers that are not affected by soil formation. These layers are not part of the solum.
Water deficiency is the central defining characteristic of Aridisols. Also required is sufficient age to exhibit subsoil weathering and development. Limited leaching in aridisols often results in one or more subsurface soil horizons in which suspended or dissolved minerals have been deposited: silicate clays, sodium, calcium carbonate, gypsum ...
Claypan is a dense, compact, slowly permeable layer in the subsoil. [1] It has a much higher clay content than the overlying material, from which it is separated by a sharply defined boundary. The dense structure restricts root growth and water infiltration. Therefore, a perched water table might form on top of the claypan. [2]
There are key characteristics that determine a layer of soils classification. Cambic horizons do not consist of appreciable illuviated material such as clay, organic carbon, iron, and aluminum oxyhydroxides, carbonate, gypsum, or soluble salts. [1]
Humus has a characteristic black or dark brown color and is an accumulation of organic carbon.Besides the three major soil horizons of (A) surface/topsoil, (B) subsoil, and (C) substratum, some soils have an organic horizon (O) on the very surface.
The physical disruption associated with shrinking and swelling produces shiny shear planes (slickensides) in the subsoil and either prevents the formation of subsurface horizons or severely disrupts and mixes them. When the soil swells on wetting, the former surficial material is mixed with the subsoil.