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A twin study compares the concordance rate of identical twins to that of fraternal twins. This can help suggest whether a disease or a certain trait has a genetic cause. [3] Controversial uses of twin data have looked at concordance rates for homosexuality and intelligence. Other studies have involved looking at the genetic and environmental ...
[1] [2] [3] Men and women exhibit different rates of incidence and prevalence, age at onset, symptom expression, course of illness, and response to treatment. [2] [3] [4] Reviews of the literature suggest that understanding the implications of sex differences on schizophrenia may help inform individualized treatment and positively affect ...
In addition, the majority of birth cohort studies have failed to find a link between schizophrenia and low birth weight or other signs of slowed growth. [58] The majority of studies do not measure the interaction of genetic risk with birthweight as was done in the studies by Silverton et al. [ full citation needed ]
The question of how schizophrenia could be primarily genetically influenced, given that people with schizophrenia have lower fertility rates, is a paradox. It is expected that genetic variants that increase the risk of schizophrenia would be selected against, due to their negative effects on reproductive fitness .
If possible to test for schizophrenia before the symptoms develop, proactive interventions could be developed, or even preventative treatments. [7] In one study, 100% of patients with bipolar disorder indicated that they would probably take a genetic test to determine they were carrying a gene associated with the disorder, if such a test existed.
Schizophrenia is a somewhat rare disease affecting approximately 3.2 million Americans in the United States. Also, in an average year, about 100,000 individuals will be diagnosed with schizophrenia. [18] In 2010, there were approximately 397,200 hospitalizations for schizophrenia in the United States.
The result means that, of these, 21 will not be identified as having schizophrenia by use of FRS (43% of 48). Then, of the 52 people really without schizophrenia, 10 may be incorrectly diagnosed with schizophrenia by the FRS. Diagnosis of schizophrenia from other types of psychosis Sensitivity 58.0 (50.3, 65.3) Specificity 74.7 (85.2, 82.3)
The causes of schizophrenia that underlie the development of schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, are complex and not clearly understood.A number of hypotheses including the dopamine hypothesis, and the glutamate hypothesis have been put forward in an attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and the symptoms and development of schizophrenia.