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Fink, for OS X, derives partially from dpkg/apt and partially from ports; MacPorts, formerly called DarwinPorts, originated from the OpenDarwin project; Homebrew, with close Git integration; pkgsrc can be used to install software directly from source-code, or to use the binary packages provided by several independent vendors.
Wajig provides a consistent and intuitive interface to all packaging commands, unlike the traditional apt or dpkg package managers. Wajig serves as a wrapper for the underlying apt/dpkg commands. wajig also provides a package install and removal log. This log provides an audit trail that help an administrator with diagnostics package diagnostics.
Fink, a port of dpkg and APT to macOS, uses deb packages. [30] [31] Nexenta OS, a discontinued OS based on OpenSolaris, included Debian package management software and the use of deb packages. Debian GNU/kFreeBSD, an OS that uses a GNU based userland and the FreeBSD kernel. Debian GNU/Hurd. Some jailbroken iOS devices (iPhones, iPads and iPods ...
Notably, APT automatically gets and installs packages upon which the indicated package depends (if necessary). This was an original distinguishing characteristic of APT-based package management systems, as it avoided installation failure due to missing dependencies, a type of dependency hell.
The recommended standard for administering packages on a Debian system is the apt toolset. [119] dpkg provides the low-level infrastructure for package management. [120] The dpkg database contains the list of installed software on the current system. The dpkg command tool does not know about repositories.
dpkg is used to install, remove, and provide information about .deb packages. dpkg (Debian Package) itself is a low-level tool. APT (Advanced Package Tool), a higher-level tool, is more commonly used than dpkg as it can fetch packages from remote locations and deal with complex package relations, such as dependency resolution.
The opkg (open package management) software is a lightweight package management system based upon ipkg. It is written in C and resembles Advanced Package Tool (APT)/ dpkg in operation. It is intended for use on embedded Linux devices and is used in this capacity in the OpenEmbedded and OpenWrt projects.
It is possible to install Linux onto most of these file systems. The ext file systems, namely ext2, ext3, and ext4 are based on the original Linux file system. File systems have been developed by companies to meet their specific needs, by hobbyists, or adapted from Unix , Microsoft Windows, and other operating systems.