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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the lymphoid line of blood cells characterized by the development of large numbers of immature lymphocytes. [1] Symptoms may include feeling tired, pale skin color, fever, easy bleeding or bruising, enlarged lymph nodes, or bone pain. [1]
Currently, standard treatment for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) involves long-term chemotherapy and medication to prevent or treat side effects associated with low white blood cell counts resulting from intensive chemotherapy regimens. The treatment typically occurs in three stages: induction, consolidation, and maintenance. [3]
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, referred to as B-PLL, is a rare blood cancer.It is a more aggressive, but still treatable, form of leukemia.. Specifically, B-PLL is a prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) that affects prolymphocytes – immature forms of B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes – in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen.
Large granular lymphocytic leukemia may involve either T-cells or NK cells; like hairy cell leukemia, which involves solely B cells, it is a rare and indolent (not aggressive) leukemia. [26] Adult T-cell leukemia is caused by human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), a virus similar to HIV. Like HIV, HTLV infects CD4+ T-cells and replicates within ...
CLL is the most common type of leukemia in the Western world compared to non-Western regions such as Asia, Latin America, and Africa. [88] It is observed globally that males are twice as likely than females to acquire CLL. [88] CLL is primarily a disease of older adults, with 9 out of 10 cases occurring after the age of 50 years. [89]
Patients usually present with constitutional symptoms (malaise, weight loss, fatigue), and hepatosplenomegaly is commonly found on physical exam. Lymphadenopathy is also found to a lesser extent. Due to the aggressive nature of the disease, patients may initially present at a more advanced stage, with coagulopathies , hemophagocytic syndrome ...
Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a group of blood cancers which have combined features of myeloid and lymphoid cancers. It is a rare disease, constituting about 2–5% of all leukemia cases. [1] It mostly involve myeloid with either of T lymphocyte or B lymphocyte progenitors, but in rare cases all the three cell lineages. [2]
Acute leukemia or acute leukaemia is a family of serious medical conditions relating to an original diagnosis of leukemia. In most cases, these can be classified according to the lineage, myeloid or lymphoid , of the malignant cells that grow uncontrolled, but some are mixed and for those such an assignment is not possible.