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Modifiers for fields: const - Makes the field a constant. private - Makes the field private (default). protected - Makes the field protected. public - Makes the field public. readonly - Allows the field to be initialized only once in a constructor. static - Makes the field a static member, i.e. a class variable.
This is an important feature for the SQL-like LINQ feature that is integrated into C# and VB.net. Since anonymous types do not have a named type, they must be stored in variables declared using the var keyword, telling the C# compiler to use type inference for the variable. The properties created are read-only in C#, however, they are read ...
C# has the modifiers public, protected,internal, private, protected internal, private protected, and file. [4] Java has public, package, protected, and private; package is the default, used if no other access modifier keyword is specified. The meaning of these modifiers may differ from one language to another.
In C#, the qualifier readonly has the same effect on data members that final does in Java and the const does in C++; the modifier const has an effect similar (yet typed and class-scoped) to that of #define in C++.
The const modifier on an instance method applies to the object pointed to by the "this" pointer, which is an implicit argument passed to all instance methods. Thus having const methods is a way to apply const-correctness to the implicit "this" pointer argument just like other arguments. This example illustrates:
Much finer control of access rights can be defined using mutators and accessors. For example, a parameter may be made read-only simply by defining an accessor but not a mutator. The visibility of the two methods may be different; it is often useful for the accessor to be public while the mutator remains protected, package-private or internal.
Access levels modifiers are commonly used in Java [1] as well as C#, which further provides the internal level. [2] In C++, the only difference between a struct and a class is the default access level, which is private for classes and public for structs. [3]
A property, in some object-oriented programming languages, is a special sort of class member, intermediate in functionality between a field (or data member) and a method.The syntax for reading and writing of properties is like for fields, but property reads and writes are (usually) translated to 'getter' and 'setter' method calls.