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The port numbers in the range from 0 to 1023 (0 to 2 10 − 1) are the well-known ports or system ports. [3] They are used by system processes that provide widely used types of network services. On Unix-like operating systems, a process must execute with superuser privileges to be able to bind a network socket to an IP address using one of the ...
netcat (often abbreviated to nc) is a computer networking utility for reading from and writing to network connections using TCP or UDP.The command is designed to be a dependable back-end that can be used directly or easily driven by other programs and scripts.
Port numbers are categorized into three basic categories: well-known, registered, and dynamic or private. The well-known ports are assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and are typically used by system-level processes. Well-known applications running as servers and passively listening for connections typically use these ports.
Foreign Address – The IP address and port number of the remote computer to which the socket is connected. The names that corresponds to the IP address and the port are shown unless the -n parameter is specified. If the port is not yet established, the port number is shown as an asterisk (*). State – Indicates the state of a TCP connection.
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For example, a command line telnet client could make an HTTP request to a web server on TCP port 80 as follows: [22] $ telnet www.example.com 80 GET /path/to/file.html HTTP/1.1 Host: www.example.com Connection: close
Similar utilities such as nmap allow a range of ports to be scanned, however they do not allow you to repetitively scan the same ports. Paping operates by attempting to connect to an Internet Protocol TCP/IP port on the target. In the process it measures the time taken for a connection to be established and records any connection failures.
ifconfig (short for interface config) is a system administration utility in Unix-like operating systems for network interface configuration.. The utility is a command-line interface tool and is also used in the system startup scripts of many operating systems.