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  2. Kidney stone disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone_disease

    Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract. [2] Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. [2] A small calculus may pass without causing symptoms. [2]

  3. Nephrocalcinosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrocalcinosis

    Kidney showing circumscribed calcium deposits together with a partial stag horn calculus. Nephrocalcinosis , once known as Albright's calcinosis after Fuller Albright , is a term originally used to describe the deposition of poorly soluble calcium salts in the renal parenchyma due to hyperparathyroidism .

  4. Sialolithiasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialolithiasis

    Sialolithiasis (also termed salivary calculi, [1] or salivary stones) [1] is a crystallopathy where a calcified mass or sialolith forms within a salivary gland, usually in the duct of the submandibular gland (also termed "Wharton's duct"). Less commonly the parotid gland or rarely the sublingual gland or a minor salivary gland may develop ...

  5. Calculus (medicine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_(medicine)

    A calculus (pl.: calculi), often called a stone, is a concretion of material, usually mineral salts, that forms in an organ or duct of the body. Formation of calculi is known as lithiasis ( / ˌ l ɪ ˈ θ aɪ ə s ɪ s / ).

  6. Hydronephrosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydronephrosis

    The signs and symptoms of hydronephrosis depend upon whether the obstruction is acute or chronic, partial or complete, unilateral or bilateral.Hydronephrosis that occurs acutely with sudden onset (as caused by a kidney stone) can cause intense pain in the flank area (between the hips and ribs) known as a renal colic.

  7. Common bile duct stone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_bile_duct_stone

    Murphy's sign is commonly negative on physical examination in choledocholithiasis, helping to distinguish it from cholecystitis. Jaundice of the skin or eyes is an important physical finding in biliary obstruction.

  8. Resolvent formalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolvent_formalism

    Formal justification for the manipulations can be found in the framework of holomorphic functional calculus. The resolvent captures the spectral properties of an operator in the analytic structure of the functional. Given an operator A, the resolvent may be defined as (;) = .

  9. Rolle's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolle's_theorem

    In calculus, Rolle's theorem or Rolle's lemma essentially states that any real-valued differentiable function that attains equal values at two distinct points must have at least one point, somewhere between them, at which the slope of the tangent line is zero.