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Agricultural wastewater treatment is a farm management agenda for controlling pollution from confined animal operations and from surface runoff that may be contaminated by chemicals in fertilizer, pesticides, animal slurry, crop residues or irrigation water. Agricultural wastewater treatment is required for continuous confined animal operations ...
Crop residues are waste materials generated by agriculture. The two types are: Field residues are materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop has been harvested. These residues include stalks and stubble (stems), leaves and seed pods. Good management of field residues can increase efficiency of irrigation and control of ...
Burning of rice residues in southeast Punjab, India, prior to wheat season. Agricultural waste consists mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. [7] Agricultural waste is poorly digestible and in unprocessed form not widely suitable as animal feed. [8] Sometimes, agricultural waste is burnt, either as biomass in power plants or simply on ...
There is a large and growing number of treatment options to make excreta safe and manageable for the intended reuse option. [14] Options include urine diversion and dehydration of feces ( urine-diverting dry toilets ), composting ( composting toilets or external composting processes ), sewage sludge treatment technologies and a range of fecal ...
The concept is also used in water supply and food production, and is generally understood as a series of treatment steps and other safety precautions to prevent the spread of pathogens. The degree of treatment required for excreta-based fertilizers before they can safely be used in agriculture depends on a number of factors.
A recent study in 2020 showed that the country created 600-700 million tonnes of crop residue and is choking cities. [36] People in India are awaiting sustainable management to reduce the pollution. The areas that are largely contributing to the stubble burning pollutants are Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, [ citation needed ] and Haryana which is ...
Increasing the angle of disks causes residues to be buried more deeply. Increasing their concavity makes them more aggressive. Chisel plows can have spikes or sweeps. Spikes are more aggressive. Percentage residue is used to compare tillage systems because the amount of crop residue affects the soil loss due to erosion. [22] [24]
Crop residues from susceptible crops such as cereals increase the risk of FEB in the following crop. Maize has been associated with especially high risk. [14] Reduced soil tillage can also increase the risk of FEB. [3] The amount of crop residues can be reduced by ploughing, where residues are incorporated in the soil where they decompose ...