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In anthropology, pygmy peoples are ethnic groups whose average height is unusually short. The term pygmyism is used to describe the phenotype of endemic short stature (as opposed to disproportionate dwarfism occurring in isolated cases in a population) for populations in which adult men are on average less than 150 cm (4 ft 11 in) tall.
Dembner (1996) reported a universal "disdain for the term 'pygmy '" among the Pygmy peoples of Central Africa: the term is considered a pejorative, and people prefer to be referred to by the name of their respective ethnic or tribal groups, such as Bayaka, Mbuti and Twa. [2]
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Due to their pygmy ancestry, they continue to suffer ethnic prejudice, discrimination, violence, and general exclusion from society. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Batwa men struggle with alcoholism, known to occur in communities facing cultural collapse as men can no longer carry out traditional roles and provide for families. [ 10 ]
The men grow to an average height of 142 cm (4 ft. 8 in.), and women tend to be about 5 cm (2 in.) shorter. Dr. Jean-Pierre Hallet was very involved with the Efé, from raising awareness to the plight of the tribe, to the introduction of new foods and methods previously unknown (such as a legume called the "winged bean" of New Guinea ).
In some instances, women may hunt using a net more often than men. The women and the children herd the animals to the net, while the men guard the net. Everyone engages in foraging, and women and men both take care of the children. Women are in charge of cooking, cleaning and repairing the hut, and obtaining water.
Pygmy Nilo-Saharan: 47 2 59 0 34 0 4 0 0 0 Wood 2005 [1] Pygmy [nb 15] Niger-Congo: 60 5 53.3 28.3 0 0 3.3 0 Berniell 2009 [4] São Tomé and Príncipe: Indo-European: 150 1.3 0 0 84.0 0 0 8.7 0 Gonçalves 2008 [15] Sandawe: Sandawe (Isolate) 68 4 14 43 34 Tishkoff 2007 [6] Senegalese: Niger-Congo: 139 0 0 5.0 81.3 6.5 2.9 0 0 0 Hassan 2008 [2 ...
Aka women have been observed hunting even during late stages of pregnancy and returning to hunting shortly after childbirth, sometimes even carrying newborns while hunting. [ 7 ] While tasks and decision-making were largely shared activities, leadership roles such as kombeti (leader), tuma (elephant hunter), and nganga (top healer) are ...