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The electron is a charged particle with charge − e, where e is the unit of elementary charge. Its angular momentum comes from two types of rotation: spin and orbital motion. From classical electrodynamics, a rotating distribution of electric charge produces a magnetic dipole, so that it behaves like a tiny bar magnet.
The Weiss magneton was experimentally derived in 1911 as a unit of magnetic moment equal to 1.53 × 10 −24 joules per tesla, which is about 20% of the Bohr magneton. In the summer of 1913, the values for the natural units of atomic angular momentum and magnetic moment were obtained by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr as a consequence of his ...
The spin magnetic moment of the electron is =, where is the spin (or intrinsic angular-momentum) vector, is the Bohr magneton, and = is the electron-spin g-factor. Here μ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\mu }}} is a negative constant multiplied by the spin , so the spin magnetic moment is antiparallel to the spin.
The quantity μ eff is effectively dimensionless, but is often stated as in units of Bohr magneton (μ B). [12] For substances that obey the Curie law, the effective magnetic moment is independent of temperature. For other substances μ eff is temperature dependent, but the dependence is small if the Curie-Weiss law holds and the Curie ...
The magnetic moment of the electron is =, where μ B is the Bohr magneton, S is electron spin, and the g-factor g S is 2 according to Dirac's theory, but due to quantum electrodynamic effects it is slightly larger in reality: 2.002 319 304 36.
Quantum orbital motion involves the quantum mechanical motion of rigid particles (such as electrons) about some other mass, or about themselves.In classical mechanics, an object's orbital motion is characterized by its orbital angular momentum (the angular momentum about the axis of rotation) and spin angular momentum, which is the object's angular momentum about its own center of mass.
Free electrons possess electric charge and magnetic moment whose absolute value is about one Bohr magneton.. The standard electron spin resonance, also known as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), is due to the coupling of electron magnetic moment to the external magnetic field through the Hamiltonian = describing its Larmor precession.
In quantum mechanics, the Pauli equation or Schrödinger–Pauli equation is the formulation of the Schrödinger equation for spin-1/2 particles, which takes into account the interaction of the particle's spin with an external electromagnetic field.