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Copy of a royal land grant, recorded on copper plate, made by Chalukya King Tribhuvana Malla Deva in 1083. The Dharmashastras are based on ancient Dharmasūtra texts, which themselves emerged from the literary tradition of the Vedas (Rig, Yajur, Sāma, and Atharva) composed in 2nd millennium BCE to the early centuries of the 1st millennium BCE.
The History of Dharmaśāstra, with a subtitle "Ancient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law in India", is a monumental seven-volume work consisting of around 6,500 pages.
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Other scholars have expressed the same view, based on epigraphical, archaeological and textual evidence from medieval Hindu kingdoms in Gujarat, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, while acknowledging that Manusmriti was influential to the South Asian history of law and was a theoretical resource.
The Dharmasutra is attributed to Apastamba, the founder of a Shakha (Vedic school) of Yajurveda. [2] According to the Hindu tradition, Apastamba was the student of Baudhayana, and himself had a student named Hiranyakesin.
It is dated between the 3rd and 5th century CE, and belongs to the Dharmashastra tradition. [1] The text was composed after the Manusmriti , but like it and Naradasmriti , the text was composed in shloka (poetic meter) style. [ 2 ]
It is commonly agreed upon that the Vishnu Smriti relies heavily on previous Dharmashastra texts, such as the Manusmriti and Yajnavalkya smrti.However, some scholars see it as a Vaishnava recast of the Kathaka Dharmasutra [2] while others say that the Kathakagrhya and metrical verses were added later.
Nāradasmṛti is a part of the Dharmaśāstras, an Indian literary tradition that serves as a collection of legal maxims relating to the topic of dharma. [1] This text is purely juridical in character in that it focuses solely on procedural and substantive law. [1]