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A woman whose menstrual cycles ranged in length from 30 to 36 days would be estimated to be infertile for the first 11 days of her cycle (30-19=11), to be fertile on days 12–25, and to resume infertility on day 26 (36-10=26). When used to avoid pregnancy, such fertility awareness-based methods have a typical-use failure rate of 25% per year. [18]
Nicolaides has developed methods of (i) screening for premature birth (which is the main cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality) by measurement of cervical length and prevention through the use of vaginal progesterone, [9] (ii) screening for pre-eclampsia (which is one of the main causes of maternal mortality) by measurement of blood flow ...
Eclampsia, like pre-eclampsia, tends to occur more commonly in first pregnancies than subsequent pregnancies. [38] [39] [40] Women who have long term high blood pressure before becoming pregnant have a greater risk of pre-eclampsia. [38] [39] Patients who have gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia have an increased risk of eclampsia. [41]
Pre-eclampsia affects 2–8% of pregnancies worldwide. [4] [17] [12] Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (which include pre-eclampsia) are one of the most common causes of death due to pregnancy. [6] They resulted in 46,900 deaths in 2015. [7] Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after 32 weeks; however, if it occurs earlier it is associated with worse ...
The mean pregnancy length has been estimated to be 283.4 days of gestational age as timed from the first day of the last menstrual period and 280.6 days when retrospectively estimated by obstetric ultrasound measurement of the fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) in the second trimester. [12]
Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is fetal DNA that circulates freely in the maternal blood. Maternal blood is sampled by venipuncture. Analysis of cffDNA is a method of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis frequently ordered for pregnant women of advanced age. Two hours after delivery, cffDNA is no longer detectable in maternal blood.
His name is associated with the "Haase rule", a formula for suggesting the age of a human fetus or newborn from its length (fetal length in centimeters correlates to the square of the age in months during the first 3 to 5 months of pregnancy, and to the fifth of the age in months during the second half of pregnancy).
Bishop score, also Bishop's score or cervix score, is a pre-labor scoring system to assist in predicting whether induction of labor will be required. [1] It has also been used to assess the likelihood of spontaneous preterm delivery. [2]
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