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The report said there are five major risk factors that are driving most of the new tuberculosis cases, including undernutrition, HIV infection, alcohol use disorders, smoking and diabetes ...
Diabetes mellitus is also an important risk factor that is growing in importance in developing countries. [5] Other disease states that increase the risk of developing tuberculosis are Hodgkin lymphoma, end-stage renal disease, chronic lung disease, malnutrition, and alcoholism. [6] A person's genetics also play a role. [7]
The rate of tuberculosis varies with age. In Africa, it primarily affects adolescents and young adults. [180] However, in countries where incidence rates have declined dramatically (such as the United States), tuberculosis is mainly a disease of the elderly and immunocompromised (risk factors are listed above).
Persons with HIV and latent tuberculosis have a 10% chance of developing active tuberculosis every year. "HIV infection is the greatest known risk factor for the progression of latent M. tuberculosis infection to active TB. In many African countries, 30–60% of all new TB cases occur in people with HIV, and TB is the leading cause of death ...
Tuberculosis is a disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis, per the CDC. Tuberculosis spreads through the air from one person to another. Someone with an active infection ...
Children less than four years of age, or children and adolescents exposed to adults in high-risk categories; 15 mm or more is positive in Persons with no known risk factors for TB [13] A tuberculin test conversion is defined as an increase of 10 mm or more within a two-year period, regardless of age.
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Because MDR tuberculosis is an airborne pathogen, persons with active, pulmonary tuberculosis caused by a multidrug-resistant strain can transmit the disease if they are alive and coughing. [41] TB strains are often less fit and less transmissible, and outbreaks occur more readily in people with weakened immune systems (e.g., patients with HIV ).