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Verbs that do not require an object are called intransitive verbs. An example in modern English is the verb to arrive. Verbs that can be used in an intransitive or transitive way are called ambitransitive verbs. In English, an example is the verb to eat; the sentences You eat (with an intransitive form) and You eat apples (a transitive form ...
Example Found in Absolutive case (1) patient, experiencer; subject of an intransitive verb and direct object of a transitive verb: he pushed the door and it opened Basque | Tibetan: Absolutive case (2) patient, involuntary experiencer: he pushed the door and it opened; he slipped active-stative languages: Absolutive case (3) patient ...
Verbs are used in certain patterns which require the presence of specific arguments in the form of objects and other complements of particular types. (A given verb may be usable in one or more of these patterns.) A verb with a direct object is called a transitive verb. Some transitive verbs have an indirect object in addition to the direct object.
Often there is a semantic difference between the intransitive and transitive forms of a verb: the water is boiling versus I boiled the water; the grapes grew versus I grew the grapes. In these examples, known as ergative verbs, the role of the subject differs between intransitive and transitive verbs.
subject, verb, predicative complement SVOO: ditransitive: I must send my parents an anniversary card. subject, verb, indirect object, direct object SVOC: complex-transitive: Most students have found her reasonably helpful. subject, verb, object, object complement SVOA: complex-transitive: You can put the dish on the table. subject, verb, object ...
As is typical of verbs in virtually all languages, Spanish verbs express an action or a state of being of a given subject, and like verbs in most Indo-European languages, Spanish verbs undergo inflection according to the following categories: Tense: past, present, or future; Number: singular or plural; Person: first, second or third
While English has a relatively simple conjugation, other languages such as French and Arabic or Spanish are more complex, with each verb having dozens of conjugated forms. Some languages such as Georgian and Basque (some verbs only) have highly complex conjugation systems with hundreds of possible conjugations for every verb.
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.