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For example, a lock file might govern access to a set of related resources, such as several different files, directories, a group of disk partitions, or selected access to higher level protocols like servers or database connections. When using lock files, care must be taken to ensure that operations are atomic. To obtain a lock, the process ...
Upgrading a lock from read-mode to write-mode is prone to deadlocks, since whenever two threads holding reader locks both attempt to upgrade to writer locks, a deadlock is created that can only be broken by one of the threads releasing its reader lock. The deadlock can be avoided by allowing only one thread to acquire the lock in "read-mode ...
In this solution of the readers/writers problem, the first reader must lock the resource (shared file) if such is available. Once the file is locked from writers, it may be used by many subsequent readers without having them to re-lock it again. Before entering the critical section, every new reader must go through the entry section. However ...
The file system has two different inode on-disk layouts. One is compact, and the other is extended. [1]Little-endian on-disk design [1]; 32-bit block addressing, which currently limits the total possible capacity of an EROFS filesystem to 16 TiB of 4 KiB block size.
A memory-mapped file is a segment of virtual memory [1] that has been assigned a direct byte-for-byte correlation with some portion of a file or file-like resource. This resource is typically a file that is physically present on disk, but can also be a device, shared memory object, or other resource that an operating system can reference through a file descriptor.
Protected Read (PR). This is the traditional share lock, which indicates a desire to read the resource but prevents other from updating it. Others can however also read the resource. Protected Write (PW). This is the traditional update lock, which indicates a desire to read and update the resource and prevents others from updating it. Others ...
The reader never blocks, but it may have to retry if a write is in progress; this speeds up the readers in the case where the data was not modified, since they do not have to acquire the lock as they would with a traditional read–write lock. Also, writers do not wait for readers, whereas with traditional read–write locks they do, leading to ...
atime record is not modified when file is read/accessed. Append-only a +a,-a: Writing to file only allowed in append mode. Immutable i +i,-i: Prevents any change to file's contents or metadata: file/directory cannot be written to, deleted, renamed, or hard-linked. No dump d +d,-d: File is skipped by the dump program: Secure deletion s +s,-s