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A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; [2] RCT) is a form of scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control. Examples of RCTs are clinical trials that compare the effects of drugs, surgical techniques, medical devices , diagnostic procedures , diets or other medical treatments.
Randomized controlled trials must be purposefully prepared, which historical data is not. [11] The use of randomized controlled trials is becoming more common in social science research. In the United States, for example, the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002 made funding for education research contingent on scientific validity defined in ...
Randomized, controlled, crossover experiments are especially important in health care. In a randomized clinical trial , the subjects are randomly assigned treatments. When such a trial is a repeated measures design, the subjects are randomly assigned to a sequence of treatments.
In medicine an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis of the results of a randomized controlled trial is based on the initial treatment assignment and not on the treatment eventually received. ITT analysis is intended to avoid various misleading artifacts that can arise in intervention research such as non-random attrition of participants from the ...
The design of the study (such as a case report for an individual patient or a blinded randomized controlled trial) and the endpoints measured (such as survival or quality of life) affect the strength of the evidence. In clinical research, the best evidence for treatment efficacy is mainly from meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
A systematic review is a scholarly synthesis of the evidence on a clearly presented topic using critical methods to identify, define and assess research on the topic. [1] A systematic review extracts and interprets data from published studies on the topic (in the scientific literature), then analyzes, describes, critically appraises and summarizes interpretations into a refined evidence-based ...
The review then notes that after 2006, many epidemiological studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses showed a relationship between magnesium and conditions like high blood pressure ...
Quasi-experiments shares similarities with experiments or randomized controlled trials, but specifically lack random assignment to treatment or control. Instead, quasi-experimental designs typically allow assignment to treatment condition to proceed how it would in the absence of an experiment.