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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a type of Escherichia coli and one of the leading bacterial causes of diarrhea in the developing world, [1] as well as the most common cause of travelers' diarrhea. [2] Insufficient data exists, but conservative estimates suggest that each year, about 157,000 deaths occur, mostly in children, from ETEC.
Acute diarrhea is most commonly due to viral gastroenteritis with rotavirus, which accounts for 40% of cases in children under five. [1] In travelers, however, bacterial infections predominate. [27] Various toxins such as mushroom poisoning and drugs can also cause acute diarrhea.
[17] [4] Non-infectious causes are seen on occasion, but they are less likely than a viral or bacterial cause. [1] Risk of infection is higher in children due to their lack of immunity. [1] Children are also at higher risk because they are less likely to practice good hygiene habits. [1]
The practical consensus is that if your child passes three or more watery or loose stools in a row, it's considered diarrhea. ... If the diarrhea starts acutely, it's often due to an infection or ...
The period of illness is acute. Symptoms often start with vomiting followed by four to eight days of profuse diarrhoea. Dehydration is more common in rotavirus infection than in most of those caused by bacterial pathogens, and is the most common cause of death related to rotavirus infection. [71]
Rotavirus is responsible for infecting 140 million people and causing 1 million deaths each year, mostly in children younger than five years. [6] [15] This makes it the most common cause of severe childhood diarrhoea and diarrhea-related deaths in the world. [6]
The prodromal symptoms are fever, headache, and myalgia, which can be severe, lasting as long as 24 hours.After 1–5 days, typically, these are followed by diarrhea (as many as 10 watery, frequently bloody, bowel movements per day) or dysentery, cramps, abdominal pain, and fever as high as 40 °C (104 °F).
Diarrhea is separated into three clinical categories; acute diarrhea may last multiple hours or days, acute bloody diarrhea, also known as dysentery, and finally, chronic or persistent diarrhea which lasts 2–4 weeks or more. There is normal growth with no evidence of malnutrition in the child experiencing persistent diarrhea.