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Ephedra is widely used by athletes as a performance-enhancing drug, [14] despite a lack of evidence that it improves athletic performance. [15] [16] Ephedra may also be used as a precursor in the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine. [17] Ephedra has been used as a weight-loss aid, sometimes in combination with aspirin and caffeine.
Dexatrim formula has changed considerably over the years. In prior formulations, Dexatrim contained the decongestant phenylpropanolamine (PPA) and the amphetamine-like compound ephedra. [13] A 2000 study by Yale University School of Medicine showed an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke with taking PPA. [14]
Ephedrine may decrease motion sickness, but it has mainly been used to decrease the sedating effects of other medications used for motion sickness. [21] [22] Ephedrine is also found to have quick and long-lasting responsiveness in congenital myasthenic syndrome in early childhood and also even in adults with a novel COLQ mutation. [23]
The prescription medicine Adderall (dextroamphetamine sulfate/amphetamine sulfate/dextroamphetamine saccharate/amphetamine aspartate monohydrate) is also frequently used recreationally. However, using non-prescribed drugs, using non-prescribed dose regimen, can cause polysubstance dependence, or combined drug intoxication which may lead to deaths.
Ephedra spp. is used as a diuretic, as a treatment for urinary tract infections, for asthma, and as stimulant due to the presence of ephedrine and other compounds. [citation needed] The sale of dietary supplements containing ephedra has been banned in the United States due to the risk of serious adverse events or death. [5]
Ephedra Ephedra: Caffeine, decongestants, stimulants [15] Increases sympathomimetic effect of ephedra [3] Feverfew: featherfew Tanacetum parthenium: Aspirin Additive effect [3] Garlic: Allium sativum: Warfarin Additive effect Ginger: Zingiber officinale: Warfarin Additive effect, causes iris bleeding [3] Ginkgo gingko Ginkgo biloba
The pure alkaloid ephedrine from the Ephedra herbs is popular for effective medicine for asthma, especially because it can be given by mouth unlike adrenaline. [ 8 ] Ephedrine products are banned in U.S.A since 1994 for causing various and serious adverse effects, such as headache, insomnia, stroke, arrhythmias , myocardial infarction ...
Ephedra sinica (also known as Chinese ephedra or Ma Huang) is a species of Ephedra native to Mongolia, Russia (Buryatiya, Chita, Primorye), and northeastern China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi).