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Freud desired to understand religion and spirituality and deals with the nature of religious beliefs in many of his books and essays. He regarded God as an illusion, based on the infantile need for a powerful father figure. Freud believed that religion was an expression of underlying psychological neuroses and distress.
In Freud's model the psyche consists of three different elements, the id, ego, and the superego. The id is the aspect of personality that is driven by internal and basic drives and needs, such as hunger, thirst, and the drive for sex, or libido. The id acts in accordance with the pleasure principle. Due to the instinctual quality of the id, it ...
Freud himself used the German terms das Es, Ich, and Über-Ich, which literally translate as "the it", "I", and "over-I". The Latin terms id, ego and superego were chosen by his original translators and have remained in use. In the essay Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920), Freud introduced his "structural model" of the soul. It describes the ...
Freud saw thinking as an experimental process involving minimal amounts of cathexis, "in the same way as a general shifts small figures about on a map". [ 14 ] In delusions, it was the hypercathexis (or over-charging) of ideas previously dismissed as odd or eccentric which he saw as causing the subsequent pathology.
The Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory is an integration of two previously established theoretical models of intelligence: the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence (Gf-Gc) (Cattell, 1941; Horn 1965), and Carroll's three-stratum theory (1993), a hierarchical, three-stratum model of intelligence. Due to substantial similarities between the ...
Freud's soul model, referring to his rider-horse parable: the human head symbolises the ego, the animal the id. Similarly, the dynamics of the libido (drive energy) branches out from the id into two main areas: the mental urge to know and the bodily urge to act. Both are bundeled into action by the ego with the aim of satisfying the id's basic ...
In the work's second part, Freud discusses the "technique" of psychoanalysis. Freud then presents an example of how psychoanalysis can be used in practice. [4] [5] In the work's third part, Freud discusses the relationship between the preconscious, conscious, and unconscious and the external world. He then discusses the nature of the "internal ...
In July 1953, the Société Française de Psychanalyse (with Jacques Lacan, Françoise Dolto and Serge Leclaire) secedes from the Société Psychanalytique de Paris (member of the International Psychoanalytical Association) over growing tensions between the practice of Lacan and his contemporaries and the emerging ego psychology trend of the previous generation. [1]