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The dose–response relationship, or exposure–response relationship, describes the magnitude of the response of an organism, as a function of exposure (or doses) to a stimulus or stressor (usually a chemical) after a certain exposure time. [1] Dose–response relationships can be described by dose–response curves. This is explained further ...
Threshold dose is a dose of drug barely adequate to produce a biological effect in an animal. In dose-response assessment, the term ‘threshold dose’ is refined into several terminologies, such as NOEL, NOAEL, and LOAEL. They define the limits of doses resulting in biological responses or toxic effects. [3]
Increased Risk of Solid Cancer with Dose for A-bomb survivors, from BEIR report.Notably, this exposure pathway occurred from essentially a massive spike or pulse of radiation, a result of the brief instant that the bomb exploded, which while somewhat similar to the environment of a CT scan, is wholly unlike the low dose rate of living in a contaminated area such as Chernobyl, where the dose ...
If a dose-response model is available for the microbe, it be used to estimate the probability of infection. QMRA has expanded to be used to estimate microbial risk in many fields, but is particularly important in assessments of food [2] water supply [3] and human faeces/wastewater safety. [4]
For chemical agents, a dose-response assessment should be performed. For biological or physical agents, a dose-response assessment should be performed if the data are obtainable." In this stage, risk assessors should describe the nature and extent of the adverse health effects known to be associated with the specific hazard.
These take in to account other risk assessment approaches, any inadequacies, or assumptions made. This analysis produces a range of possible approximations of the dose–response relationship. [1] The final step of an occupational risk assessment is risk characterization.
EPA publicly releases assessment protocols which presents the methods for conducting the systematic review. [1] These protocols include a literature search strategy and study selection criteria. [8] It is also during this stage that the agency identifies hazards, selects studies for dose-response assessment, and derives toxicity values.
Dose–Response is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the dose-response relationship, especially hormesis. [1] It was established in 2003 as Nonlinearity in Biology, Toxicology and Medicine, obtaining its current name in 2005.