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This was the time when the Republica Española (Spanish Republic) was declared (11 February 1873) and also the time when slavery was abolished in Puerto Rico (22 March 1873). Cortada's municipal assembly consisted of: Rafael Pujals , Federico Capo, Jose Antonio Renta, Celedonio Besosa, Olimpio Otero , Lazaro Martinez, Marcos Fugurull (padre ...
Slaves were brought to Puerto Rico from Africa starting in 1513 and through the 18th century to replace the local native "Indian" slaves who had been decimated. [2] The new slaves worked the coffee, sugar cane, and gold mining industries in Puerto Rico. During the 18th century, as gold mining ceased to be one of the major industries in Puerto ...
The new slaves worked the coffee, sugar cane, and gold mining industries in Puerto Rico. During the 18th century, as gold mining ceased to be one of the major industries in Puerto Rico, slaves worked mostly in coffee plantations and sugar cane fields. By royal proclamation slavery was abolished on 22 March 1873.
In the 19th century, slavery in Puerto Rico was increased, as the Spanish, facing economic decline with the loss of all of its colonial territories in the Americas aside from Cuba and Puerto Rico, established and expanded sugar cane production in the island. Since 1789, slaves in Puerto Rico were allowed to earn or buy their freedom.
Descendants of former Puerto Rican slaves in 1898, the year the United States invaded Puerto Rico. Ramón Power y Giralt was a Puerto Rican naval hero, a captain in the Spanish navy who had risen to become president of the Spanish Courts. Power Y Giralt was among the delegates who proposed that slavery be abolished in Puerto Rico.
In 1859, Ruiz Belvis returned to Puerto Rico and befriended Ramón Emeterio Betances, joining "The Secret Abolitionist Society" founded by Betances. The society baptized and emancipated thousands of black slave children. The event, which was known as "aguas de libertad" (waters of liberty), was carried out at the Cathedral of Mayagüez. [4]
Puerto Rico mío: four decades of change= cuatro décadas de cambio (Smithsonian, 1990), history in photographs; captions in English and Spanish.. online; Dinwiddie, William. Puerto Rico; its conditions and possibilities (1899) online; Mintz, Sidney W. Worker in the cane; a Puerto Rican life history (1974) online; Steward, Julian H.; et al.
The term "white Puerto Rican", as well as that of "colored Puerto Rican", was coined by the United States Department of Defense in the first decade of the 20th century in order to handle their own North American problem with nonwhite people whom they were drafting and had its basis on the American one-drop rule. [6]