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  2. History of mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mathematics

    This zero sign does not appear in terminal positions, thus the Babylonians came close but did not develop a true place value system. [20] Other topics covered by Babylonian mathematics include fractions, algebra, quadratic and cubic equations, and the calculation of regular numbers, and their reciprocal pairs. [27]

  3. Ancient Egyptian mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_mathematics

    An interesting feature of ancient Egyptian mathematics is the use of unit fractions. [7] The Egyptians used some special notation for fractions such as ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠, ⁠ 1 / 3 ⁠ and ⁠ 2 / 3 ⁠ and in some texts for ⁠ 3 / 4 ⁠, but other fractions were all written as unit fractions of the form ⁠ 1 / n ⁠ or sums of such unit ...

  4. Timeline of numerals and arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_numerals_and...

    His arithmetic explains the division of fractions and the extraction of square and cubic roots (square root of 57,342; cubic root of 3, 652, 296) in an almost modern manner. [ 2 ] 12th century — Indian numerals have been modified by Persian mathematicians al-Khwārizmī to form the modern Arabic numerals (used universally in the modern world.)

  5. Babylonian mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_mathematics

    The majority of recovered clay tablets date from 1800 to 1600 BC, and cover topics that include fractions, algebra, quadratic and cubic equations and the Pythagorean theorem. The Babylonian tablet YBC 7289 gives an approximation of 2 {\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}} accurate to three significant sexagesimal digits (about six significant decimal digits).

  6. History of mathematical notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mathematical...

    [61] [62] Much later in the abstract expressions of the value of various proportional phenomena, the parts-per notation would become useful as a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities. Marquis de Condorcet, in 1768, advanced the partial differential sign (∂), known as the curly d or Jacobi's delta.

  7. Timeline of mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_mathematics

    This is a timeline of pure and applied mathematics history.It is divided here into three stages, corresponding to stages in the development of mathematical notation: a "rhetorical" stage in which calculations are described purely by words, a "syncopated" stage in which quantities and common algebraic operations are beginning to be represented by symbolic abbreviations, and finally a "symbolic ...

  8. Erdős–Straus conjecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdős–Straus_conjecture

    When a rational number is expanded into a sum of unit fractions, the expansion is called an Egyptian fraction.This way of writing fractions dates to the mathematics of ancient Egypt, in which fractions were written this way instead of in the more modern vulgar fraction form with a numerator and denominator .

  9. History of ancient numeral systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ancient_numeral...

    Different combinations of token shapes and sizes encoded the different counting systems. [18] Archaeologist Denise Schmandt-Besserat has argued that the plain geometric tokens used for numbers were accompanied by complex tokens that identified the commodities being enumerated. For ungulates like sheep, this complex token was a flat disk marked ...

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