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Cancer prevention is the practice of taking active measures to decrease the incidence of cancer and mortality. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The practice of prevention depends on both individual efforts to improve lifestyle and seek preventive screening , and socioeconomic or public policy related to cancer prevention. [ 3 ]
Prevention of tobacco use is paramount to prevention of lung cancer. Individual, community, and statewide interventions can prevent or cease tobacco use. 90% of adults in the U.S. who have ever smoked did so prior to the age of 20.
Cancer DALYs attributable to 11 Level 2 risk factors globally in 2019. [129] Cancer prevention is defined as active measures to decrease cancer risk. [130] The vast majority of cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors. Many of these environmental factors are controllable lifestyle choices. Thus, cancer is generally preventable. [131]
Interventions in population health "shift the distribution of health risk by addressing the underlying social, economic and environmental conditions" [7] and are implemented through "programs or policies designed and developed in the health sector, but they are more likely to be in sectors elsewhere, such as education, housing or employment". [7]
Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study, treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of cancer. A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist . [ 1 ] The name's etymological origin is the Greek word ὄγκος ( ónkos ), meaning "tumor", "volume" or "mass". [ 2 ]
Interventions intended to change the behaviour of individuals can be especially challenging. One such form is health promotion , where education and media may be used to promote healthy behaviours, such as eating healthy foods (to prevent obesity ), using condoms (to prevent the transmission of STDs ), or stopping open defecation in developing ...
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer for women with an estimated 340,000 deaths according to the World Health Organization (WHO). [27] HPV disease is the leading cause of cervical cancer, therefore making the HPV vaccine the primary prevention measure for the cancer.
Life expectancy vs healthcare spending of rich OECD countries. US average of $10,447 in 2018. [33] In most countries, there is a mix of all five models, but this varies across countries and over time within countries. Aside from financing mechanisms, an important question should always be how much to spend on health care.