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Currently, if the hepatic adenoma is >5 cm, increasing in size, symptomatic lesions, has molecular markers associated with HCC transformation, rising level of liver tumor markers such as alpha fetoprotein, the patient is a male, or has a glycogen storage disorder, the adenoma is recommended to be surgically removed. [7]
In the axial plane, the caudate lobe should normally have a cross-section of less than 0.55 of the rest of the liver. [2] Other ultrasound studies have suggested hepatomegaly as being defined as a longitudinal axis > 15.5 cm at the hepatic midline, or > 16.0 cm at the midclavicular line. [17] [18]
It is the most common liver tumor with a prevalence of 0.4 – 7.4%. It is generally asymptomatic but also can be associated with pain complaints or cytopenia and/or anemia when it is very bulky. It is unique or paucilocular. It can be associated with other types of benign liver tumors.
When imaging the liver with ultrasound, large lesions are likely to be HCC (e.g., a mass greater than 2 cm has more than 95% chance of being HCC).Given the blood flow to the liver, HCC would be most visible when the contrast flows through the arteries of the liver (also called the arterial phase) rather than when the contrast flows through the ...
The median survival after TACE is 26–40 months with a tumor response rate of approximately 52%. [6] Combining TACE with systemic therapy (sorafenib or brivanib) does not improve survival. [6] The risk of death after transarterial treatments, including TACE, is about 1%, usually due to liver failure. [6]
An abdominal mass is any localized enlargement or swelling in the human abdomen.Depending on its location, the abdominal mass may be caused by an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), protruding kidney, a pancreatic mass, a retroperitoneal mass (a mass in the posterior of the peritoneum), an abdominal aortic aneurysm, or various tumours, such as those caused by ...
Symptoms include vague abdominal pain, nausea, abdominal fullness, malaise and weight loss. They may also include a palpable liver mass. [14] Other presentations include jaundice, ascites, fulminant liver failure, encephalopathy, gynecomastia (males only), thrombophlebitis of the lower limbs, recurrent deep vein thrombosis, anemia and hypoglycemia.
Liver tumor types by relative incidence in adults in the United States, with focal nodular hyperplasia at right. [ 3 ] Focal nodular hyperplasia's most recognizable gross feature is a central stellate scar seen in 60–70% of cases.