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Christopher Columbus [b] (/ k ə ˈ l ʌ m b ə s /; [2] between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian [3] [c] explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa [3] [4] who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
Rowan Gavin Paton Menzies (14 August 1937 – 12 April 2020) [1] [2] [3] was a British submarine lieutenant-commander who authored books claiming that the Chinese sailed to America before Columbus.
The American Nation: A History of the United States: AP Edition (2008) Egerton, Douglas R. et al. The Atlantic World: A History, 1400–1888 (2007), college textbook; 530pp; Elliott, John H. Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America 1492–1830 (2007), 608pp excerpt and text search, advanced synthesis
However, without a clarifying context, singular America in English commonly refers to the United States of America. [2] Historically, in the English-speaking world, the term America could refer to a single continent until the 1950s (as in Van Loon's Geography of 1937): According to historians Kären Wigen and Martin W. Lewis, [3]
They landed on the morning of October 12. Columbus called this island San Salvador; its indigenous name was Guanahani. [50] The modern San Salvador Island [i] in the Bahamas is considered to be the most likely candidate for this island. [52] [j] Columbus wrote of the natives he first encountered in his journal entry of 12 October 1492:
Great Surveys of the American West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980. Fernlund, Kevin J.William Henry Holmes and the Rediscovery of the American West. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2000. Goetzmann, William H. Exploration and Empire: The Explorer and the Scientist in the Winning of the American West. New York: Alfred A ...
John Adams wrote to his wife on the following day and predicted that July 2 would become a great American holiday. [25]: 703–704 He thought that the vote for independence would be commemorated; he did not foresee that Americans would instead celebrate Independence Day on the date when the announcement of that act was finalized.
Course of the Wall throughout history. The history of the Great Wall of China began when fortifications built by various states during the Spring and Autumn (771–476 BC) [1] and Warring States periods (475–221 BC) were connected by the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, to protect his newly founded Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) against incursions by nomads from Inner Asia.