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The canon of the New Testament is the set of books many modern Christians regard as divinely inspired and constituting the New Testament of the Christian Bible.For most churches, the canon is an agreed-upon list of 27 books [1] that includes the canonical Gospels, Acts, letters attributed to various apostles, and Revelation.
[4] [5] [7] Marcion published the earliest record of a canon of New Testament books. [4] [8] Early Church writers such as Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, and Tertullian denounced Marcion as a heretic or antichrist, [9] and he was excommunicated by the church of Rome around 144. [10]
The Muratorian fragment, dated at between 170 and as late as the end of the 4th century (according to the Anchor Bible Dictionary), may be the earliest known New Testament canon attributed to mainstream Christianity. It is similar, but not identical, to the modern New Testament canon.
Thus from the 4th century there existed unanimity in the West concerning the New Testament canon as it is today, [59] with the exception of the Book of Revelation. In the 5th century the East too, with a few exceptions, came to accept the Book of Revelation and thus came into harmony on the matter of the New Testament canon. [60]
During the time period of early Christianity, there was no accepted "New Testament", merely books considered of greater or lesser value. While likely not intended strictly as a canon list, the fragment is evidence of the first attempts to systemize such a group of approved writings, at least if it indeed dates to the 2nd century.
Paul of Tarsus, "Apostle to the Gentiles", earliest New Testament author 45~65; Four Evangelists, traditionally identified as the authors of the canonical gospels 60~125; Ignatius, bishop of Antioch, apostolic father 68~107; Marcion of Sinope, evangelist and theologian, founder of Marcionism, published the first known canon of the New Testament ...
Internal evidence within the texts of the 27-book New Testament canon suggests that most of these books were written in the 1st century CE. The first book written is thought to be either the Epistle to the Galatians (written around 48 CE) [3] or 1 Thessalonians, written around 50 CE. [4]
Clement of Alexandria (c. 150-215 AD) quotes all the books of the New Testament with the exception of Philemon, James, 2 Peter, and 2 and 3 John. [81] The earliest extant canon containing Paul's letters is from the 2nd century: It is a canon compiled by Marcion, the founder of Marcionism.
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