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The building itself was constructed entirely of marble and richly embellished with sculpture, some of the finest examples of the high Classical style of the mid-fifth century B.C. Its sculptural decoration has had a major impact on other works of art, from its own day to the present (27.45).
The Classical era of ancient Greek sculpture, which emerged in the 5th century BCE, is renowned for its emphasis on harmony, idealized beauty, and the pursuit of perfect proportions. It represents a pinnacle of artistic achievement and profoundly influenced Western art.
The sculpture of Classical Greece developed an aesthetic that combined idealistic values with a faithful representation of nature, while avoiding overly realistic characterization and the portrayal of emotional extremes, generally maintaining a formal atmosphere of balance and harmony.
In the Classical period, Greek sculptors would break off the shackles of convention and achieve what no-one else had ever before attempted. They created life-size and life-like sculpture which glorified the human and especially nude male form. Even more was achieved than this though.
The Classical period saw changes in the style and function of sculpture, along with a dramatic increase in the technical skill of Greek sculptors in depicting realistic human forms. Poses also became more naturalistic, notably during the beginning of the period.
This unprecedented contact with cultures far and wide disseminated Greek culture and its arts, and exposed Greek artistic styles to a host of new exotic influences. The death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. traditionally marks the beginning of the Hellenistic period.
In Greek and Roman sculpture, two retrospective styles predominate: archaistic and classicizing. Archaistic, the most common retrospective style in Greek and Roman sculpture, refers to works of art that date after 480 B.C. but share stylistic affinities with works of the Greek Archaic period (ca. 700–480 B.C.).
From Phidias to Myron, these are the most famous ancient Greek sculptors. These renowned artists etched their names in history for creating exceptional works of art.
Classical sculpture (usually with a lower case "c") refers generally to sculpture from Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, as well as the Hellenized and Romanized civilizations under their rule or influence, from about 500 BC to around 200 AD.
Severe style: The dominant idiom of Greek sculpture in the period from 490 to 450 BCE. It marks the breakdown of the canonical forms of Archaic art and the transition to the greatly expanded vocabulary and expression of the classical movement of the late 5th century.