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Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart.Some flow is a normal condition both pre-birth and immediately post-birth via the foramen ovale; however, when this does not naturally close after birth it is referred to as a patent (open) foramen ovale (PFO).
Fallot was the first to elegantly describe the four key features that differentiate it from other cyanotic cardiac conditions, and was prominent in the disqualification of a patent foramen ovale as a fifth feature. Fallot initially referred to it as "La maladie bleue", which is French for "the blue disease" or "cyanose cardiaque", translating ...
Peripheral odontogenic fibroma (PFO) is a fibrous connective tissue mass that is exophytic and covered in surface epithelium that contains odontogenic epithelium. [1] The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies peripheral odontogenic fibroma as a fibroblastic neoplasm with variable amounts of odontogenic epithelium that appears to be dormant.
A balloon atrial septostomy is performed with a balloon catheter, which is inserted into a patent foramen ovale (PFO), or atrial septal defect (ASD) and inflated to enlarge the opening in the atrial septum; this creates a shunt which allows a larger amount of oxygenated ("red") blood to enter the systemic circulation.
Classic for a patent foramen ovale (PFO) or atrial septal defect (ASD). A PFO is lack of closure of the foramen ovale. At first, this produces a left-to-right heart shunt. This does not produce cyanosis, but causes pulmonary hypertension. Longstanding uncorrected atrial septal defects can also result in Eisenmenger syndrome.
Other echocardiographic findings in PPHN include right ventricular hypertrophy, deviation of the ventricular septum, tricuspid regurgitation, and shunting at the patent foramen ovale. [ 3 ] Other clinical signs that may signify PPHN are respiratory distress, partial pressure of oxygen greater than 100 mg and elevated partial pressure of carbon ...
The severity of symptoms depends on the type of TGV, and the type and size of other heart defects that may be present (ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or patent ductus arteriosus). Most babies with TGA have blue skin color (cyanosis) in the first hours or days of their lives, since dextro-TGA is the more common type.
In general, unless the ASD and mitral stenosis causing Lutembacher's syndrome is severe, symptoms may not appear until the second and third decade of the patient's life. [citation needed] As many of the patients are asymptomatic and symptoms may not appear until later in life, the duration or frequency of the symptoms varies. For symptoms such ...