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After the independence of both Nigeria and Cameroon in 1960, [2] [3] the status of British Cameroons was unclear. A United Nations-sponsored and supervised plebiscite took place the following February resulting in the northern part of the territory voting to remain part of Nigeria, while the southern part voted for reunification with Cameroon. [2]
In 1960, Cameroon and Nigeria acquired independence from France and Britain respectively, and they established bilateral relations in the same year. [1] [2] On 6 February 1963, they signed an "Agreement of Friendship and Cooperation", a trade agreement, and a memorandum of understanding on the cross-border movement of persons and goods. [3]
A question regarding the validity of the agreement arose during an International Court of Justice case that decided a boundary dispute between the two countries. The Maroua Declaration was signed on 1 June 1975 by Ahmadou Ahidjo, President of Cameroon, and Yakubu Gowon, the head of state of Nigeria in Maroua, Cameroon.
The Nigeria-Cameroon border region on the coast from a 1963 map, with Bakassi peninsula in the middle. Bakassi is a peninsula on the Gulf of Guinea.It lies between the Cross River estuary, near the city of Calabar and the Rio del Ray estuary on the east.
The Greentree Agreement [1] is a formal treaty which resolved the Cameroon–Nigeria border dispute over the oil and natural gas-rich Bakassi peninsula. [2] The dispute had roots as far back as 1913; [3] in 1981, [4] 1994, and 1996 armed clashes between Nigeria and Cameroon took place in Bakassi. [2]
Heavyweights Cameroon and Nigeria meet in the last 16 at Afcon 2023, with the Indomitable Lions enjoying the better of the rivalry.
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In January 2018, Nigeria arrested the Ambazonian leadership on its territory, including President Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe. They were then extradited to Cameroon, and jailed for a year before the start of a court case in January 2019. However, this was not without controversy, as the Ambazonian leaders had all submitted asylum claims.