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  2. Electronegativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity

    Electronegativity, symbolized as χ, is the tendency for an atom of a given chemical element to attract shared electrons (or electron density) when forming a chemical bond. [1] An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. The higher the ...

  3. Electronegativities of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativities_of_the...

    See also: Electronegativities of the elements (data page) There are no reliable sources for Pm, Eu and Yb other than the range of 1.1–1.2; see Pauling, Linus (1960).

  4. Negative air ions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_air_ions

    Due to the strong electronegativity of oxygen and oxygen-containing molecules, they can easily capture free electrons to form negatively charged air ions, most of which are superoxide radicals ·O 2 −, so NAI is mainly composed of negative oxygen ions, also called air negative oxygen ions.

  5. Electron affinity (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_affinity_(data_page)

    First, as the energy that is released by adding an electron to an isolated gaseous atom. The second (reverse) definition is that electron affinity is the energy required to remove an electron from a singly charged gaseous negative ion. The latter can be regarded as the ionization energy of the –1 ion or the zeroth ionization energy. [1]

  6. Ionization energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization_energy

    For ionization of a diatomic molecule, the only nuclear coordinate is the bond length. The lower curve is the potential energy curve of the neutral molecule, and the upper curve is for the positive ion with a longer bond length. The blue arrow is vertical ionization, here from the ground state of the molecule to the v=2 level of the ion.

  7. Silicon–oxygen bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon–oxygen_bond

    On the Pauling electronegativity scale, silicon has an electronegativity of 1.90 and oxygen 3.44. The electronegativity difference between the elements is therefore 1.54. Because of this moderately large difference in electronegativities, the Si−O bond is polar but not fully ion

  8. Purchase rates for Wednesday, December 4, 2024 - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/mortgage-and-refinance-rates...

    At the conclusion of its seventh and penultimate rate-setting policy meeting of 2024 on November 7, 2024, the Federal Reserve announced it was lowering the federal funds target interest rate by 25 ...

  9. Oxygen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen

    Oxygen gas is the second most common component of the Earth's atmosphere, taking up 20.8% of its volume and 23.1% of its mass (some 10 15 tonnes). [19] [70] [d] Earth is unusual among the planets of the Solar System in having such a high concentration of oxygen gas in its atmosphere: Mars (with 0.1% O 2 by volume) and Venus have much less. The O