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Uremic fetor is a urine-like odor on the breath of people with uremia. [1] The odor occurs from the smell of ammonia, which is created in the saliva as a breakdown product of urea. [citation needed] Uremic fetor is usually associated with an unpleasant metallic taste and can be a symptom of chronic kidney disease.
In the early stages of the disease, this can result in mild symptoms such as reduced appetite or feelings of fatigue, but as CKD progresses, "complications like high blood pressure, heart disease ...
All people with a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 for 3 months are defined as having chronic kidney disease. [59] Protein in the urine is regarded as an independent marker for worsening of kidney function and cardiovascular disease. Hence, British guidelines append the letter "P" to the stage of chronic kidney disease if protein loss is significant. [60]
Uremic pruritus is defined as itching that is directly caused by chronic kidney disease, with no other explainable conditions. [14] Uremic pruritus cannot be diagnosed with laboratory tests or established criteria because of its variability and lack of specific skin lesions.
Unlike chronic kidney disease, however, the kidneys can often recover from acute kidney injury, allowing the person with AKI to resume a normal life. People with acute kidney injury require supportive treatment until their kidneys recover function, and they often remain at increased risk of developing future kidney failure.
Kidney failure is known as the end-stage of kidney disease, where dialysis or a kidney transplant is the only treatment option. Chronic kidney disease is defined as prolonged kidney abnormalities (functional and/or structural in nature) that last for more than three months. [1]
People with chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, or both of these conditions may have a higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk 8 to 28 years earlier than those without these conditions, a ...
Uremic frost is a colloquial description for crystallized urea deposits that can be found on the skin of those affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). [1] Uremic frost was first described in 1865 by Harald Hirschsprung (1830-1916), a Danish pediatrician. He was also the first to describe Hirschsprung's disease in 1886. The disease now carries ...
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