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The first page is a text addressed to the UN Secretary General, noting China's sovereignty claim to the "islands in the South China Sea and the adjacent waters", however, the document remains ambiguous by being silent as to the precise meaning of the map enclosed, and the meaning of the nine-dash line on it
Spatial inequality refers to the unequal distribution of income and resources across geographical regions. [1] Attributable to local differences in infrastructure, [2] geographical features (presence of mountains, coastlines, particular climates, etc.) and economies of agglomeration, [3] such inequality remains central to public policy discussions regarding economic inequality more broadly.
Traditional political ideology promotes merit-based inequality. Official propaganda emphasizes that economic development requires some people to get rich first, and the resulting inequality is the price this society pays for development. [6] China's traditional political consciousness promotes inequality based on performance.
As poor localities are less able to fund these services and poor households are less able to afford the high private cost of basic education, China has seen an increase in the inequality of education outcomes. "For example, in 1998, per pupil expenditure in Beijing was 12 times that in Guizhou, and the difference jumped to 15 times in 2001." [20]
Rural-urban disparity and the wealth gap; Since the economic reforms in China began, income inequality has increased significantly. The Gini Coefficient, an income distribution gauge, has worsened from 0.3 back in 1986 to 0.42 in 2011. [2]
The early 1950s witnessed a decrease in spatial inequality as the party endeavored to close the gap of income among different regions. For example, the party built most of the industrial plants, under the Soviet help, in inland areas instead of coastal areas, and the former treaty ports were not prioritized in the First five-year plan . [ 101 ]
Brazil is one the most affected countries by income inequality (as well as other economic inequalities), before it was affected by COVID-19. [20] According to research that was done during the COVID-19 pandemic, it was concluded that there is a link between higher COVID-19 mortality rates and increased inequality factors (such as income ...
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